01 / Rocky planetMercury
Impact basins scar a rocky surface beneath an extremely thin exosphere.
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NASA solar guide ↗
01 / Rocky planetImpact basins scar a rocky surface beneath an extremely thin exosphere.
02 / Rocky planetSulfuric acid clouds conceal a rocky surface beneath a dense carbon dioxide atmosphere.
03 / Rocky planetLiquid-water oceans and active plate tectonics continually reshape the surface.
04 / Rocky planetIron oxides color the soil. Dry channels preserve evidence of ancient flowing water.
05 / Gas giantCloud belts trace winds in a deep hydrogen and helium atmosphere.
06 / Gas giantWater ice dominates the broad rings. Their gaps record gravitational interactions with moons.
07 / Ice giantMethane absorbs red light. The planet’s spin axis lies close to its orbital plane.
08 / Ice giantHigh-altitude clouds and fast winds trace a dynamic, methane-bearing atmosphere.
| Measure | Earth | Jupiter |
|---|---|---|
| Equatorial diameter (km) | 12,756 | 142,984 |
| Gravity (m/s²) | 9.8 | 24.79 |
| Year (Earth days) | 365.256 | 4,332.59 |
Gravity for giant planets is given at a reference atmospheric level. JPL physical parameters ↗
Gravity bends a planet’s forward motion around the Sun. A planet moves faster near perihelion. For a small body orbiting the Sun, Kepler’s third law relates its orbital size to its year.
Planet and lunar maps adapted from Solar System Scope under CC BY 4.0. These interpretive maps combine observations and artwork. Other moons use schematic materials.
JPL planetary orbit model · Satellite orbital elements · Satellite physical parameters